Manufacturing and development of a bolted GFRP flange joint for oil and gas applications The manufacturing industry saw a significant rebound, and oil prices started to recover as well. Both of these trends are expected to continue in 2017. At Allied Valve, we also saw some big changes this year. We expanded our product line to include Masoneilan control valves, CDC rupture discs, and Groth relief valves and flame arresters. We also beefed up our service capabilities with a new Mobile Lab trailer and new control valve testing systems. Finally, we continued our initiative to bring you valuable content related to valves, actuators, and the many industries we serve. Here are our top 5 industrial valve articles of 2016. Maximizing Your Control Valve Performance: A Guide to Control Valve Selection, Maintenance, and Repair Process plants can contain thousands of control valves, responsible for keeping process variables like flow, level, pressure, and temperature within the desired operating range. Despite their importance to product quality, efficiency, and a company’s bottom line, control valves are often neglected. This article provides an in-depth look at the factors that affect control valve performance and how to keep your valves always working their best. It came to our attention earlier this year that some safety valves containing Thermodiscs (e.g., Consolidated 1811 and Consolidated 1711 series) were being put through hydrostatic testing. These valve parts are designed for steam service only and water can cause damage, potentially beyond repair. This article describes the problems that hydrostatic testing can cause and what you can do to mitigate these problems. The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) and the International Society of Automation (ISA) provide standards for the hydrostatic testing of control valves. The goal of the test is to verify the valves’ structural integrity and leak tightness. This article summarizes the fluid, pressure, and time requirements of hydrostatic testing as well as the standards for acceptable performance. To work properly when they’re needed, all valves must be maintained. It used to be that preventative maintenance was the only option. But with the diagnostic tools available today, it’s possible in some cases to use a data-based predictive approach instead. Both of these approaches are part of an effective valve disc maintenance program. This article helps you understand when each of them is most appropriate. Sand casting can be used for the majority of metals. Even highly reactive magnesium is sand cast provided care is taken and the correct materials used by adding what are called inhibitors into the sand. Sand castings inevitably have a slow cooling rate because of the large insulating mass of sand surrounding the liquid metal as it cools. Grain sizes and dendrite arm spacings tend to be larger than in equivalent section sizes in die-castings. Sand casting involves the pouring of molten metal into a cavity-shaped sand mould where it solidifies (Fig. 6.8). The mould is made of sand particles held together with an inorganic binding agent. After the metal has cooled to room temperature, the sand mould is broken open to remove the casting. The main advantage of sand casting is the low cost of the mould, which is a large expense with permanent mould casting methods. The process is suitable for low-volume production of castings with intricate shapes, although it does not permit close tolerances and the mechanical properties of the casting are relatively low owing to the coarse grain structure as a result of slow cooling rate. The goal of this experimental study is to manufacture a bolted GFRP forged flange connection for composite pipes with high strength and performance. A mould was designed and manufactured, which ensures the quality of the composite materials and controls its surface grade. Based on the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section X, this GFRP flange was fabricated using biaxial glass fibre braid and polyester resin in a vacuum infusion process. In addition, many experiments were carried out using another mould made of glass to solve process-related issues. Moreover, an investigation was conducted to compare the drilling of the GFRP flange using two types of tools; an Erbauer diamond tile drill bit and a Brad & Spur K10 drill. Six GFRP flanges were manufactured to reach the final product with acceptable quality and performance. The flange was adhesively bonded to a composite pipe after chamfering the end of the pipe. Another type of commercially-available composite flange was used to close the other end of the pipe. Finally, blind flanges were used to close both ends, making the pressure vessel that will be tested under the range of the bolt load and internal pressure. In manufacturing of the steel bridge, fillet welded T-joint is widely used and angular distortion is often generated. So, reduction or control of angular distortion without additional processes to welding is strongly demanded because it takes great time and effort to correct the angular distortion. In this study, the effectiveness of welding with trailing reverse-side flame line heating for preventing angular distortion was investigated through the welding experiment and numerical simulation in submerged arc welding of fillet T-joint with three different thick flange plate. First, the heat source models for numerical analysis of both submerged arc welding and flame line heating were constructed based on the comparison with the measured temperature histories and angular distortion. And then, these heat source models were used in combination with various kinds of distance between two heat sources to make clear the appropriate distance condition for smallest angular distortion was 150 mm, and it does not depend on thickness of flange plate. It was also confirmed that the experimental angular distortions were in good agreement with those calculated. With a focus on the influence of thickness of flange plate, the reduction of angular distortion by welding with trailing reverse-side flame line heating becomes smaller with increasing thickness of flange plate. However, angular distortion could be adequately prevented under the appropriate flame line heating condition in either thickness of flange plate because the welding-induced angular distortion also becomes smaller with increasing thickness of flange plate. Thus, it was concluded that welding with trailing reverse-side flame line heating could be useful for preventing angular distortion of fillet T-joint, which is a component of steel bridge, enough not to correct it after welding. Garlock offers a range of Butterfly Valves for different applications. Ranging from GAR-SEAL Butterfly Valves are used extensively where corrosive, abrasive and toxic media, to STERILE-SEAL valves are used in applications where sterile processes need to be maintained in the pharmaceutical and food industries. Depending on your application, different air valve material and design type should be used. For a better understanding on which type of Garlock Butterfly Valve will best fit the application, you can refer to our Chart The mechanism of opening of the aortic valve was investigated in dogs by attaching radiopaque markers to the commissures and the leaflets. Analysis of abnormal cardiac cycles demonstrated that, when the ventricular pressure first equalled the aortic pressure, the intercommissural distances increased 9 percent, and the valve opened with a stellate orifice without forward flow and without a rise in aortic pressure. Further opening of the aortic valve was dependent on forward flow over a narrow range. A new mechanism of aortic valve opening is proposed. This mechanism results in minimal flexion stresses on the leaflets and is important for the longevity of the normal aortic valve. It can occur only if the leaflets arise from an expansile aortic root. Original LESER spare parts are the guarantee that also after maintenance works your safety valve precisely fulfills its task to protect people and environment. Learn with the spare pare finder which subassemblies are installed in your individual safety valve to be able to order the correct LESER spare part. The spare part finder shows the bill of materials of your individually configured valve body. The list shown contains all components, regardless whether they are needed as spare parts. As initial spare parts supply for API, High Efficiency, High Performance, Compact Performance and Modulate Action safety relief valves, we recommend the Spare Part Kits. For the other product groups please contact us for an inital spare part offer. Find out more about LESER-Spare Parts Kits. Please enter a combination of a serial number (SerNr.) and an article number (ArtNr.) to bring up the right spare parts (e.g. SerNr: 10202021, ArtNr: 4411.4443). You can find the serial and article numbers on the name plate of the valve or on the Certificate for Gobal Application, which you can download in the CERTIFICATES-area. Please pay attention to the following user instruction: The spare part finder currently only shows bills of materials for valves assembled in our Hohenwestedt plant. For spare parts lists of other valves, please contact your local partner. Some items in the bill of materials are subassemblies which contain one or several of the following items. In most cases the subassembly should be ordered as a spare part.