What Are Our Clothes Made From?

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  • What Are Our Clothes Made From?

    Precio : Gratis

    Publicado por : dnfsdd811

    Publicado en : 22-10-21

    Ubicación : Alicante

    Visitas : 14



    What Are Our Clothes Made From?

    Clothes today are made from a wide range of different materials. Traditional materials

    such as cotton, linen and leather are still sourced from plants and animals. But most

    clothes are more likely to be made of materials and chemicals derived from fossil fuel-

    based crude oil.
        There are nine major types of raw materials commonly used in clothing today.
        Synthetic materials
        The source of synthetic fibres and Fabric

    s is the fossil fuel crude oil. It is estimated that 65% of all fibres used in the

    fashion industry are made from a synthetic material – mainly polyester, but also nylon,

    acrylic, polypropylene and elastane. Around 98% of all future fibre growth is expected to

    be in synthetic fibres, 95% of which is expected to be polyester.
        Cotton
        One of the oldest used fibres and the most important non-food crop in the world is

    cotton. Currently, cotton makes up around 21% of all fibre use globally – about 21 million

    tonnes – but its share of the market is declining due to competition from synthetic

    alternatives. Cotton production is particularly important for farmers in lower-income

    countries, where approximately 350 million people are involved in its cultivation and

    processing.
        Embroidery is the art or handicraft of decorating

    Home Textiles or other materials

    with needle and thread or yarn. In this way, it has been practiced for decades.
        The origin of embroidery can be dated back to Cro-Magnon days or 30,000 BC. During a

    recent archaeological find, fossilized remains of heavily hand-stitched and decorated

    clothing, boots and a hat were found.
        In Siberia, around 5000 and 6000 B.C. elaborately drilled shells stitched with

    decorative designs onto animal hides were discovered. Chinese thread embroidery dates back

    to 3500 B.C. where pictures depict embroidery of clothing with silk thread, precious stones

    and pearls. Examples of surviving Chinese chain stitch embroidery worked in silk thread

    have also been found and dated to the Warring States period (5th-3rd century BC).
        Embroidered Fabric

    and most other fiber and needlework arts are believed to originate in the Orient and Middle

    East. Primitive humankind quickly found that the stitches used to join animal skins

    together could also be used for embellishment. Recorded history, sculptures, paintings and

    vases depicting inhabitants of various ancient civilizations show people wearing thread-

    embroidered clothing.
        During the 1100's, smaller seed pearls were sewn on vellum to decorate religious

    items and from the 1200's through 1300's beads were embroidered onto clothing. By

    1500 A.D., embroideries had become more lavish in Europe, as well as other areas of the

    world. From this period through the 1700's elaborate thread and bead embroidery gained

    popularity. Bead embroidery could be found on layette baskets, court dress, home

    furnishings and many other items.
        Elaborately Sequin

    Bead Embroidery
    , religious objects, and household items have been a mark of wealth

    and status in many cultures including ancient Persia, India, China, Japan, Byzantium, and

    medieval and Baroque Europe. Traditional folk techniques were passed from generation to

    generation in cultures as diverse as northern Vietnam, Mexico, and eastern Europe.

    Professional workshops and guilds arose in medieval England. The output of these workshops,

    called Opus Anglicanum or "English work," was famous throughout Europe. The

    manufacture of machine-made embroideries in St. Gallen in eastern Switzerland flourished in

    the latter half of the 19th century.
        There are a number of fabrics that are commonly used to make

    Curtains and drapes. The

    fibers that are used to manufacture the material determine how well it will wear and wash

    and how well it will hang at your window or door. The yarns used to construct the fabric

    can be man-made or animal or vegetable in origin.
        One of the most useful fabrics in the interior designer's resource toolbox is

    cotton. It is a vegetable fibre and in its simplest form, it is known as calico. This is

    medium-weight cotton that is unbleached and plain woven. It is relatively cheap and has a

    matt finish so it can be used extravagantly to create window treatments that are dramatic

    and strong. It should be noted, however, that cotton tends to shrink so it is well worth

    washing your cotton fabric before you make your curtains. Another natural and basic cotton

    material is muslin. This is a very fine and loosely woven form of cotton. Like calico it is

    relatively cheap and can be used extravagantly to create lavish and unusual decorative

    window dressings.
        New Window Screens

    with pollutant-trapping nanofibers may allow residents of smog-choked cities to

    breathe easier. The fibers are made of nitrogen-containing polymers and are sprayed onto

    screens in a technique called blow-spinning, in which a stream of air stretches out

    droplets of polymer solution in midspray to form an extremely thin layer of nanofibers.
        Scientists at Stanford University and at Tsinghua University in Beijing recently

    reported in Nano Letters that they have developed a variety of blow-spun polymers

    (materials commonly used in rubber gloves and tents) capable of filtering more than 90

    percent of the hazardous, lung-penetrating particulate matter that typically passes through

    standard window screens. The pollutant-absorbing nanofibers were sprayed onto rolling

    flexible nylon mesh at a rate of almost one meter per minute. Researchers also deposited

    the fibers onto metal-coated mesh and wiped off the film with tissues after heavy

    absorption.


       

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