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TITANIUM SHEET/PLATE

TITANIUM SHEET/PLATE

Descripción: TITANIUM SHEET/PLATE             Titanium plate and sheet are commonly used in manufacturing today, with the most popular grades being 2 and 5.             Grade 2 Titanium             Grade 2 is the commercially pure titanium used in most of the chemical processing plants and is cold formable. Grade 2 plate and sheet can have ultimate tensile strength at and above 40,000 psi.             Grade 5 Titanium             Grade 5 is the aerospace grade and is not cold formable, so it is used more often when no forming is needed. Grade 5 aerospace alloy will have ultimate tensile strength at and above 120,000 psi.             Plate is often used with the goal to get really close to the final dimensions of the part being made. The material is worked to the closest size of the desired part and the grain structure of the finished piece is more homogenous. Titanium sheet is often used as a heat barrier because titanium stops the heat and does not transfer to the rest of the assembly. Titanium plate and sheet have ballistic properties making it great for driver protection in racing.     Roller Expansion     The most commonly used method of making tube/tube sheet joints is roller expansion.     Roller expansion procedures for titanium tube into tube sheets are similar to those used for other materials. For best results, the tube sheet holes should be within the limits specified by TEMA (Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers Association) for shell and tube heat exchangers or within the limits specified by HEI (Heat Exchange Institute) Standards for Steam Surface Condensers.     Determining Expansion     There are three commonly used methods of determining the correct amount of expansion:     1. Measuring wall reduction     2. Simulating wall reduction by interference     3. Pull-out strength versus torque curve     The above pull-out test is preferable. The suggested wall reduction for titanium tubes is 10%. Thus, in a .028" tube or a .020" tube, the required reduction is .0028" or .0020". A small error in measurement can result in a large deficiency in pull-out strength.     Why the titanium target price is high?     Titanium target price is not cheap mainly due to the high price of its raw material titanium. Titanium sputtering target is mainly used for various film coatings, such as tool coating, optics coating, solar coating, and the like. However, its high price is a big obstacle for its popularity and development.     We generally think gold & platinum are expensive because of their scarcity, but how about titanium? Is it a precious metal? Well, among the list of the top 10 most precious metals in the world, titanium, unfortunately, doesn’t get its place, which is a foregone conclusion. Titanium is present in the Earth’s crust at a level of about 0.6% — the fourth most abundant structural metal after aluminum, iron, and magnesium.     However, titanium is always bonded to other elements in nature. Since titanium extraction is complex and costly, the price of the titanium product is high.     What is titanium flange?     Titanium flange is a kind of part made of non-ferrous metal titanium or titanium alloy to connect the pipe with the pipe, which is connected to the pipe end. There are holes on the titanium flange, and bolts make the two flanges tightly connected. The flange is sealed with gasket. Flange pipe fittings refer to the pipe fittings with flange (flange or adapter).     It can be formed by threaded connection or welding. The flange connection is composed of a pair of flanges, a gasket and several bolts and nuts. The gasket is placed between the two flange sealing surfaces. After the nut is tightened, the specific pressure on the gasket surface reaches a certain value, and the deformation occurs, and the uneven parts on the sealing surface are filled, so that the connection is tight.     According to the structure type, there are titanium lap Joint flange, titanium weld neck flange, titanium threaded flange and titanium blind flange, etc.     Progress for the Titanium Industry     Positive progress has been made towards the cost-effective application of titanium in vehicles for the mass market. The leading applications are cold wound springs manufactured from low-cost beta alloy, and exhaust systems manufactured from commercially pure titanium.     These two classes of components are currently being manufactured for the automotive industry in titanium, using processes and tooling designed for manufacturing parts in steel.     Automotive suppliers and manufacturers look at the total system cost, and while the titanium industry aims to develop low-cost alloys, it is clear that cheaper titanium alone will not guarantee an automotive application, but a competitively priced titanium component will.     Therefore, there is a need to establish low-cost manufacturing methods for titanium parts. In working with automotive designers, the industry monitors the cost-benefit of using titanium, and remains abreast of all design and production developments, to reduce the cost and manufacturing challenges.     Requirements of the Automotive Industry     For automotive producers, style and performance remain key sales factors, but environmentally aware customers with increasingly educated social consciences want not only these, but also greater safety, minimum noise, maximum fuel economy, and the continued reduction of harmful emissions.     The pressure of legislation, typically the US Corporate Average Fuel Efficiency (CAFE), adds to market competition and growing customer demand - forcing design and material changes. As demand increases for more fuel-efficient and environmentally friendly cars, affordability is less of an issue. More improvements are being incorporated into engines, suspension, and bodywork.     Increases in the cost of fuel serve to hasten this process, which also allows for more to be spent on corrosion resistance, weight, and fuel-saving.     What are Standard Parts     When we say “Standard Parts” we mean machine elements or machine components. Our Standard parts are used as the building blocks for machines and products in many different industries.     We say Standard because all our parts are standardized to common sizes in both inch and metric. We standardize our parts, so the engineers don’t have to customize each knob or handle for every project. Using standard parts makes it convenient and fast for design engineers to find parts by offering multiple different types and sizes. JW Winco also offers free CAD models for all of our parts to speed up the design process.     What are Non-standard Parts     The non-standard parts of the mould are generally the specification and shape, and the non-standard parts are called non-standard parts.In general, the non-standard parts of the mould are the drawings and requirements provided by the supplier for processing.And mould parts for the high precision and high quality requirements on hardware accessories, all the mould parts of the industrial and technical equipment requirements is very high, non-standard precision mold precision up to 0.001 MM tolerance.Such as: rubber injection mold and product contact parts in general are standard parts, before having the main mold, mold, after insert. Can also be said that in addition to the screw, water nozzle, plunger, aprons, spring, and the rest of the mold are almost standard parts.     Tungstun             magine a lump of iron the size of a tennis ball. Weigh it in your hand. Now let it drop on to your foot. How does that feel? Now imagine an identical object three times as dense. How would that feel if you dropped it? Would you ever walk again?             That metal is Tungstun.             As well as being incredibly dense it is also incredibly hard and has the highest melting point of all the elements at 3,422C.             A century or so ago the world had no use for it - it was almost impossible to shape or work the stuff. Yet now we use tungsten to write with, to traverse glaciers, to emit X-rays and to destroy buildings without the use of explosives.             To understand how this happened, we need to understand the competitive forces that have shaped everything in our world, and where better to start than a mystery at the heart of the evolution of life?             For the first four billion years, life didn't actually do much evolving. Organisms were small, simple and fairly rare. Then around 500 million years ago something extraordinary happened - the fossil records show there was an incredible explosion of life.     What is molybdenum and what does it do?     Molydenum is a mineral that you need to stay healthy. Your body uses molybdenum to process proteins and genetic material like DNA. Molybdenum also helps break down drugs and toxic substances that enter the body.     Niobium     Niobium is used in alloys including stainless steel. It improves the strength of the alloys, particularly at low temperatures. Alloys containing niobium are used in jet engines and rockets, beams and girders for buildings and oil rigs, and oil and gas pipelines.     This element also has superconducting properties. It is used in superconducting magnets for particle accelerators, MRI scanners and NMR equipment.     Niobium oxide compounds are added to glass to increase the refractive index, which allows corrective glasses to be made with thinner lenses.

Fecha de Publicación: 03-11-21

What is the use of auto refractometer?

What is the use of auto refractometer?

Descripción: What is the use of auto refractometer?     Auto refractometer is used to determine an individual’s prescription by measuring how light is affected as it reflects through the eyeball. The process is quick and painless for the patient, and the data ensures a baseline to determine the correct eyeglass or contact lens prescription.     What is Autorefractor keratometer?     Autorefractor/keratometers (ARKs) are computerized devices that provide both refractive testing and keratometry measurements. This allows eyecare professionals to determine both a baseline for the patient’s prescription as well as the curvature of the cornea for contact lenses.     What is Autorefractometry?     INTRODUCTION S Refractometry is the estimation of refractive error with a machine, called refractometer or optometer. S Automated Refractometers (AutoRefractors) are designed to objectively determine the refractive error & are of various types depending upon the underlying principle they are based on.     How does a refractometer work?     Refractometers measure the degree to which the light changes direction, called the angle of refraction. A refractometer takes the refraction angles and correlates them to refractive index (nD) values that have been established. Measurements are read at the point where the prism and solution meet.     Chart Projector     The chart projector is an AC-powered device intended to project an image on a screen for vision testing.     Ophthalmic examination chart projector including a rotatable chart carrying disc and a mask plate which are co-axial with each other. A light source and a projecting lens assembly are provided for projecting one of the charts on the disc and one of the mask openings onto a screen. An index tube is rotatably mounted in the projecting optical path and carrying a colored filter on the inner periphery thereof. Thus, an astigmatic index can be projected on the peripheral portion of the astigmatic examination chart. The chart carrying disc, the mask plate and the astigmatic index tube can be controlled by knobs all provided on the front panel of the projector.     Handheld Autorefractors     There are important applications for a handheld autorefractor in the clinical setting. A portable but powerful handheld autorefractor such as the SVOne (Smart Vision Labs; Figure 1) can be used in place of a desktop unit if, for instance, the desktop unit malfunctions or needs servicing. The SVOne adds flexibility to the clinic because it is transportable. This can improve patient flow dynamics, taking the testing modality to the patient rather than having the patient leave the exam room to go to a testing station. A handheld autorefractor serves to relieve bottlenecks if a testing station is occupied; it also allows clinicians to carry the technology to satellite offices that may not have the same diagnostic equipment as the main office.     Where a handheld autorefractor such as the SVOne could have its greatest impact, however, is in teleophthalmology settings. In certain rural areas, there are coverage gaps where patients often have to travel great distances to be seen by an eye care provider. Using the SVOne, which is a Hartmann-Shack wavefront sensor affixed to an iPhone, it would not take much to design a protocol to remotely screen patients to detect refractive errors in need of follow-up.     Understanding and caring for a lensmeter     A lensmeter or lensometer is an instrument used to verify the prescription of eyeglasses or spectacles. Many lensmeters can also verify the power of contact lenses with the addition of a special lens support. The values obtained from a lensmeter are the values specified on the patient's eyeglass prescription: sphere, cylinder, axis, add, and in some cases, prism. It is commonly used prior to an eye examination to obtain the last prescription the patient was given, in order to expedite the examination.     In one commonly used type of lensmeter the target seen through the eyepiece consists of a set of three wide lines with wide spacing between them and another set of three narrow lines with smaller spacing between them. These two sets of lines intersect at right angles. The closely spaced lines represent the sphere component of lens power and the thicker, widely spaced lines represent the cylinder power. In the case of a spherical lens, all of the lines of the target will focus at the same time, while in the case of a sphero-cylindrical lens, the lines will focus separately at different power drum readings (see illustration).     In another type of lensmeter, a series of light dots forming a circle is used as a target instead of the two sets of parallel lines described earlier. If a spherical lens is measured, the circle remains a circle and the power drum is adjusted to obtain a sharp image of the dots. For sphero-cylindrical lenses the dots, when focused, will display a sharp ellipse. The major and minor axes of the ellipse can be read on the scale provided in the instrument.     Autophoropter     A phoropter is a machine that stores all the range of lenses optometrists use to check your eye’s prescription. These are traditionally operated by hand to rotate different lenses into place. An autophoropter is exactly what it sounds like - it automates this process, so that during your eye exam your optometrist will only need to press buttons on a remote control to change to any combination of different lenses. This speeds up the time it takes to work out your prescription leaving more time to thoroughly check the health of your eyes and discuss other aspects of your vision. The autophoropter head can also test a range of near vision aspects to ensure your multifocals and bifocals give you the appropriate focus.     Trial Frame     Trial frame refracting for the primary-care optometrist may seem low tech in today's electronic driven world. Aside from its use by low vision specialists like myself, few still utilize it, as the phoropter, and, more recently, the automated phoropter have pretty much taken its place. That said, you should consider reacquainting yourself with trial frame refracting because the aging population (those age 65 and older) is on the rise, increasing the need for this classic technology.     In fact, the aging population comprised 39.6 million of the U.S. population in 2009, according to the Administration on Aging, (U.S. Department of Health & Human Services). Specifically, they represented 12.9% of the U.S. population — roughly one in every eight Americans. This is a growth of 5% from 2000. Further by 2030, about 19%, or 72.1 million, older persons will comprise our country.     Ophthalmoscope     Ophthalmoscopy (also called fundoscopy) is a test that lets a doctor see inside the back of the eye, which is called the fundus. The doctor can also see other structures in the eye. He or she uses a magnifying tool called an ophthalmoscope and a light source to see inside the eye. The test is done as part of an eye exam. It may also be done as part of a routine physical exam.     The fundus has a lining of nerve cells called the retina. The retina detects images that pass through the clear, outer covering of the eye, called the cornea. The fundus also contains blood vessels and the optic nerve.     Different Types of Retinoscopes     There are two different types of retinoscopes: the spot retinoscope and streak retinoscope.     History of the Spot Retinoscope     The earliest pioneers created their own mirrors with a slit in the middle to convert the spot into a linear beam. The first electric, self-illuminated retinoscope was developed in 1901 by Wolff. This device included a tiny bulb that directed a spot of light into the eye. Later, different models resulted in the spot being reflected by a plane mirror, or less commonly, a concave mirror.     History of the Streak Retinoscope     The father of the streak retinoscope was Jack C. Copeland. After dropping and damaging the bulb on his Wolff Spot retinoscope, Copeland ‘invented’ the first variable vergeance streak retinoscope and patented it in 1927. This instrument produced a linear beam that could rotate throughout the ocular medians.     Spot Retinoscope vs Streak Retinoscope     Both types of retinoscopes can be used to perform different retinoscopy techniques. Because astigmatic eyes create a linear fundus reflex, a streak of light or rectangular beam may be more useful in detecting astigmatism — instead of a spot retinoscope.     The streak retinoscope includes both a plano mode and converging mode. For most types of retinoscopy, the streak instrument should be used in plano mode. In contrast, the spot retinoscope only has plano mode, so there’s no adjustment needed to perform many of the dynamic retinoscopy techniques.     Whenever the streak retinoscope is in plano made, it’s basically a spot with the sides cut off. The streak retinoscope offers less illumination, while the optical phenomenon taking place away from the center of the streak is obscured. It’s more difficult to observe subtle changes in the brightness or color or alterations in the cylinder. Simply put, the spot retinoscope may offer more information.     Since the development of the spot and streak retinoscope, innovation has paved the way for stronger, more robust equipment. And Keeler Ophthalmic Instruments has remained on the forefront of innovation. For more than 100 years, Keeler has been manufacturing ophthalmic instruments, and today Keeler offers several world-class ophthalmic instruments to further advance your ability to detect and diagnose conditions of the eye.

Fecha de Publicación: 03-11-21

How to Use Acrylic Panels & Sheets at Home

How to Use Acrylic Panels & Sheets at Home

Descripción: How to Use Acrylic Panels & Sheets at Home     Acrylic sheet has hundreds of different applications for commercial and residential construction. However, PMMA (acrylic) panels can also be used at home. Because acrylic sheet is durable and shatter resistant, it’s great for upgrading or decorating your home. Here are some ways to use acrylic sheets at home.     Home Improvement     Advantages of acrylic sheet for home improvements and upgrades:     Easily installed     Comes in a variety of finishes     Easily replaces glass     Kitchen Backsplash     Replace an old kitchen backsplash with a piece of color acrylic sheeting. It’s groutless which makes it easier to clean and more sanitary. It can give a kitchen a modern upgrade that is durable, waterproof and will outlast traditional backsplashes.     Glass Cabinets     When it’s time to replace old glass cabinet doors in your kitchen or bathroom, don’t throw them away. Replace old brittle glass with acrylic sheeting. More durable than glass, acrylic sheet comes in a variety of colors and finishes so you don’t have to spend thousands of dollars replacing the entire cabinet.     Home Decor     Advantages of acrylic for home decor:     Less expensive than buying decor from a store     More durable - 17 times more durable than glass     A unique piece that no one else has     Picture Frame     Large wall frames can be expensive. Instead of paying for a wood frame with glass that can easily break, use acrylic sheets. Acrylic sheeting is just as clear as glass but it’s lighter and more durable. You also won’t have to worry about an acrylic sheet frame coming apart and potentially damaging artwork.     Wall Shelves     Shelves made from acrylic sheet will stand the test of time better than plywood or glass. Glass shelves can be dangerous and brittle, but acrylic shelves can give you that same glass look but they're easier to install and more cost effective by reducing the chance of breakage.     Home Furniture     Advantages of using acrylic for furniture:     Cost effective     Can easily be cut to size     Easily molded into any shape     Simple DIY projects     Coffee or End Table放     Safer than traditional glass, tables made from acrylic sheets hold up better against wear and tear and are 17 times more resistant. Acrylic can be easily molded, so DIY projects are great for creating acrylic coffee tables and end tables.     Bed Frames     Bed frames made from acrylic sheet can be much more durable than wood and less likely to crack or break. Since acrylic sheets can be easily cut, creating a DIY bed frame can be easily done, cutting down on cost.     Acrylic Sheet Projects     A&C Plastics is the place to get affordable acrylic sheeting in a variety of sizes, colors, and finishes. Whether you’re a designer or a professional do it yourself-er, A&C Plastics has the acrylic sheet you need to create home decor, furniture, and make improvements to add value your home.         Benefits of Acrylic Glass Sheets at Home Include                 Easy to Install                 A Variety of Finishes                 Inexpensive                 High Durability                 Unique                 Easy to Cut                 Easy to Mold                             Perfect for DIY Projects                 Ideal for Home Improvement Projects         Typical Uses For Acrylic Glass Sheets Include                 Home Improvement Projects                 Kitchen Backsplash                 Glass Cabinets                 Home Decor                 Picture Frames                 Wall Shelves                 Home Furniture                 Coffee Tables                 Bed Frames     The Basics: Dimensions and Types of Glass     Glass panels are normally sold at a standard size of 2.5 x 3.6 meters. Starting at this size, the glass is cut to meet a project's specific needs. The glass can be basic and colorless or include elements that improve their thermal, visual, and acoustic qualities, as well as many others.     Although less-used, Jumbo glass panels, measuring approximately 5.0 x 3.0 meters, are also an option. At Dialum's processing plant in Santiago, Chile, one of the 10 most important plants in the world and one of the 5 most modernized in the Americas, manufacturer can produce panels measuring up to 6.0 x 3.3 meters, reaching almost 19 square meters and close to a ton of glass.     The panels surpassing 4.5 meters wide and 2.5 high could go so far as to be considered monumental glass.     Monumental Glass     Mainly used in first floors, reception areas, or Lobbies, Dialum's Monumental Panels produce impeccably seamless results thanks to their great size. To achieve this subtlety, it's essential to choose frames that can withstand the weight of the panels without dominating the structure. Aluminum is the most widely used in constructing frameworks thanks to its economical cost; however, for projects with glass panels measuring more than 6 meters high, the aluminum should be reinforced with steel, which adds to the size of the framework.     What is Silicone Rubber?     Is silicone rubber or plastic? Silicone, scientifically known as polysiloxane, lies in a gray area, but it's generally considered a rubber. It’s a human-made elastomer (a polymer with elastic properties) that has the properties of both plastic and rubber. Silicone can be used to form liquids, hard solids, and rubbery products, but since elastomers are generally referred to as rubbers, it’s also usually referred to as a rubber. Silicone is also easily confused with silicon, though they are different materials. Silicon is an element, while silicone is a polymer (a large molecule with repeating units).     Types of Silicone Rubber     Built on a base of silicon and oxygen (as opposed to plastic’s base of carbon and hydrogen, which is less stable), groups of organic molecules (including methyl) lend silicone rubber its flexibility. Silicone rubber has several variants with traits that differ depending on the application for which it’s used.     Methyl groups go under the name MQ. These are the basic silicone rubbers that were first developed.     Methyl vinyl groups, which feature good compression traits, are known as VMQ. These are the most commonly used types of silicone rubber since the vinyl helps with vulcanization.     Methyl phenyl (MPQ) and methyl phenyl vinyl (PVMQ) groups are used to increase the rubber’s capabilities in low temperatures.     Flouro, vinyl and methyl (FVMQ) groups are more chemically resistant to oil, fuel, and solvent.     Among the families of silicone rubber variations, there are three main forms of silicone rubber, depending on the processing method: liquid, room temperature vulcanized, and high temperature vulcanized.     Liquid silicone rubber has the smallest molecular chains out of the three types, making its polymers a low molecular weight. It can be extruded or injection molded with specialized machinery. This type of silicone rubber is more weather resistant and transparent.     RTV (room temperature vulcanized) silicone rubber can be from one or a mixture of two components, and hardens at room temperature to soft or medium hardness. It’s generally used for potting, sealant, and encapsulations. Silicone rubber molds are also made from RTV silicone rubber.     Solid or HTV (high temperature vulcanized) silicone rubber has long-chained polymers with the heaviest molecular weights. This type usually comes in the unprocessed form and must be vulcanized at the same temperature as more traditional types of rubber.     Is Silicone Rubber Safe?     Silicone rubber has been considered safe in the United States for applications in consumer cookware and medical products since the FDA approved it in 1979. It is also approved in Canada. However, the European Union has labeled chemicals D4, D5, and D6, used in the production of silicone rubbers, as concerns, and some newer studies suggest that silicone rubber can leach these chemicals under certain circumstances.     How to Make Silicone Molds: A Practical Guide     Throughout history, artisans have used molds to make everything from Bronze Age weaponry to modern-day consumer products. While early molds were commonly shaped in stone, modern science has given rise to materials that are far easier to work with, such as silicone.     Today, a vast array of industries rely on silicone molding. Product developers, engineers, DIY makers, and even chefs all make silicone mold to create one-off or smaller runs of parts.     In this practical guide to silicone mold-making, we’ll break down everything you need to know before getting started, provide a list of items you’ll need, and give you a step-by-step guide for incorporating silicone molds into any type of project.     Why Make Silicone Molds?         Silicone is a strong choice for mold-making because it offers such a diverse array of benefits. You can easily create custom designs using silicone molding. The molds themselves are also quite durable, so you can use them repeatedly without fear of breakage. Silicone’s inorganic makeup—compared to rubber, its organic counterpart—makes it highly resilient to heat and cold, chemical exposure, and even fungus. Some of the benefits of silicone molds include the following:     Flexibility         Silicone’s flexibility makes it easy to work with. Silicone molds are pliable and lightweight compared to stiffer substances like plastic and they’re also easier to remove once a part is fully formed. Thanks to silicone’s high level of flexibility, both the mold and the fabricated part are less likely to break or chip. You can use custom silicone molds to shape everything from complex engineering components to holiday-themed ice cubes or confections.     Stability         Silicone withstands temperatures from -65° to 400° degrees Celsius. Additionally, it can have an elongation of 700%, depending on the formulation. Highly stable under a broad range of conditions, you can put silicone molds in the oven, freeze them, and stretch them during removal.     Achieving Stiffness for Compression Molding     Predominantly, if the metal part used in compression mold is tension or compression loaded, a ratio of metal part thickness to its extensional modulus, multiplied by the Bulk Molding Compound (BMC) material modulus (tension, compression, or flexural), is a successful formula to follow to achieve stiffness.     If the part is loaded in bending, it could be possible to make the metal part thicker, however, this is not necessarily needed. Ribs are easily added to a compression-molded part to add additional stiffness with the negligible material weight increase. Many companies, like Toray, give easy to navigate graphs for a variety of metals compared to BMC.

Fecha de Publicación: 03-11-21

Health benefits of taking probiotics

Health benefits of taking probiotics

Descripción: Health benefits of taking probiotics     What are the benefits of taking probiotics? Bacteria have a reputation for causing disease, so the idea of tossing down a few billion a day for your health might seem — literally and figuratively — hard to swallow. But a growing body of scientific evidence suggests that you can treat and even prevent some illnesses with foods and supplements containing certain kinds of live bacteria. Northern Europeans consume a lot of these beneficial microorganisms, called probiotics (from pro and biota, meaning "for life"), because of their tradition of eating foods fermented with bacteria, such as yogurt. Probiotic-laced beverages are also big business in Japan.     Some digestive disease specialists are recommending probiotic supplements for disorders that frustrate conventional medicine, such as irritable bowel syndrome. Since the mid-1990s, clinical studies suggest that probiotic therapy can help treat several gastrointestinal ills, delay the development of allergies in children, and treat and prevent vaginal and urinary infections in women.     Self-dosing with bacteria isn't as outlandish as it might seem. An estimated 100 trillion microorganisms representing more than 500 different species inhabit every normal, healthy bowel. These microorganisms (or microflora) generally don't make us sick; most are helpful. Gut-dwelling bacteria keep pathogens (harmful microorganisms) in check, aid digestion and nutrient absorption, and contribute to immune function.     Not all probiotics are the same. Different strains of the bacteria have different effects. For example, one strain may fight against cavity-causing organisms in our mouths and don't need to survive a trip through our guts.     Uses of Lactobacillus Powder:     It is used to keep the normal balance of bacteria in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract.     What do I need to tell my doctor BEFORE I take Lactobacillus Powder?     If you have an allergy to Lactobacillus or any other part of lactobacillus powder.     If you are allergic to lactobacillus powder; any part of lactobacillus powder; or any other drugs, foods, or substances. Tell your doctor about the allergy and what signs you had.     This medicine may interact with other drugs or health problems.     Tell your doctor and pharmacist about all of your drugs (prescription or OTC, natural products, vitamins) and health problems. You must check to make sure that it is safe for you to take lactobacillus powder with all of your drugs and health problems. Do not start, stop, or change the dose of any drug without checking with your doctor.     What are some things I need to know or do while I take Lactobacillus Powder?     Tell all of your health care providers that you take lactobacillus powder. This includes your doctors, nurses, pharmacists, and dentists.     If you are on a lactose-free diet, talk with your doctor. Some products have lactose.     If you have high blood sugar (diabetes), check labels closely. Some products have sugar.     Tell your doctor if you are pregnant, plan on getting pregnant, or are breast-feeding. You will need to talk about the benefits and risks to you and the baby.     How is this medicine (Lactobacillus Powder) best taken?     Use lactobacillus powder as ordered by your doctor. Read all information given to you. Follow all instructions closely.     Mix with water as you have been told before drinking.     You may also mix the powder with applesauce or yogurt.     Do not mix lactobacillus powder in warm or hot drinks.     What do I do if I miss a dose?     Take a missed dose as soon as you think about it.     If it is close to the time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and go back to your normal time.     Do not take 2 doses at the same time or extra doses.     The Difference Between Animal Protein and Plant Protein     Animal proteins are complete proteins. That means they contain all the essential amino acids that you need in your diet. Plant proteins are often, but not always, incomplete sources of protein, There are benefits and concerns with both types of protein. But diets that rely mostly on plants for protein have been linked to a lower risk of stroke, heart disease, and early death.             Amino Acids in Protein             What you actually need from protein are the amino acids. You need 20 different ones. Your body makes some of them, but you  must get nine from your diet. These are called essential amino acids.             Complete proteins provide all nine essential amino acids. Sources of complete protein include:             Dairy products             Poultry             Beef             Pork             Eggs             Quinoa             Whole sources of soy such as tofu, edamame, and tempeh             Most plant sources of protein are incomplete. However, you can get all the essential amino acids you need from plant foods, as long as you eat a variety of them. Sources of plant protein are:              Nuts             Seeds             Whole grains             Legumes such as beans, peas, and lentils             Vegetables             Benefits of Plant Protein             The type of protein you eat may be more important than the amount. Plant-based protein provides plenty of nutrients, fiber, and antioxidants that can improve your overall health. The benefits of plant-based diet may include:             Protection against heart disease. A review of eight studies found that people who followed a vegan or vegetarian diet were 30% less likely to die from ischemic heart disease than people who ate meat. Plant-based diets are lower in saturated fats, iron, and hormones.             Protection against cancer. Eating a diet rich in plant foods decreases your risk of cancer. Phytochemicals are substances found in plants that may help prevent cancer. Diets high in fiber can also help you control your weight and protect your gut health. Obesity is a risk factor for many diseases. Collagen powder can also give you the same protect.     Health Benefits of Collagen     Collagen is a protein responsible for healthy joints and skin elasticity, or stretchiness. It’s in your bones, muscles, and blood, comprising three quarters of your skin and a third of the protein in your body.         As you age, your existing collagen breaks down, and it gets harder for your body to produce more. As a result, many people turn to collagen supplements. These supplements are usually powders, though there are also capsules and liquid supplements available.         Collagen is also produced naturally in the body by combining amino acids, the building blocks of proteins found in food. To produce collagen, your body needs:         Proline: found in egg whites, dairy, cabbage, mushrooms, and asparagus         Glycine: found in pork skin, chicken skin, and gelatin, and a variety of other protein-rich foods         Vitamin C: found in citrus fruits and bell peppers         Zinc: found in beef, lamb, pork, shellfish, chickpeas, lentils, beans, milk, cheese, and various nuts and seeds         Copper: found in organ meats, cocoa powder, cashews, sesame seeds, and lentils             Nutrition Information             Fourteen grams of collagen peptide (supplement) contains:             Calories: 50                     Protein: 12 grams             Fat: 0 grams             Carbohydrates: 0 grams             Fiber: 0 grams             Sugar: 0 grams             The same amount of collagen peptide also contains 29 milligrams of calcium, 44.9 milligrams of sodium, and 0.98 milligrams of potassium.             Potential Health Benefits of Collagen Supplements             Because it makes up so many critical parts of our bodies, collagen is not only beneficial but essential to maintaining good health. However, the benefits of collagen supplements are still debated. While there is reasonable evidence that they help maintain hydrated skin and relieve osteoarthritis pain, more research is needed into less well-understood benefits, such as lowering blood pressure and blood sugar levels.     Functional powder     In Japan, vegetable-based functional foods are not uncommon, with food products such as FANCL’s kale drink, Kyusai’s (Q’sai) kale supplement, Ito En’s green juice powder, and AFC’s chlorella supplement.     On the other hand, duckweed is a less widely used ingredient, but is gradually gaining attention for its ideal nutrition profile.     Hinoman’s Mankai ingredient contains more than 60 nutrients including iron, magnesium, folic acid, vitamin B12, omega-3, amino acids, polyphenols and dietary fiber.     Mankai has been studied in several human and animal models. In a randomised controlled human trial, people who drank a shake containing Mankai for two weeks showed lower glucose rise immediately after eating and lower morning fasting glucose levels, compared to those who drank a yoghurt shake.     According to Masami Kaneko, direct marketing manager at Ajinomoto, Mankai’s amino acid composition is close to that of eggs.     Combined with its higher protein digestibility compared to soy flour, pea and lentils, it makes Mankai a good substitute for animal protein and an ideal plant-based source.     Each sachet of Ajinomoto’s functional powder is said to contribute one-third of the daily recommended vegetable intake which is equivalent to about 117g of the 350g target recommended by the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare of Japan.     Ajinomoto recommends taking one to three sachets a day, which can be dissolved in water or milk.     According to Kaneko, this product is targeted at vegetarian or vegans, consumers who are conscious of the environmental impact of their foods, and those who are concerned about the lack of vegetables and protein in their diet.     Shell Powder     Shell powder is finely ground oyster shell powder that is used for painting designs on a ground material. It is used in some forms of Japanese embroidery.     Mother of pearl: The power of pearl powder     Pearl powder has been used for thousands of years in traditional Chinese medicine, as well as in cosmetics and as health food supplements in China and Taiwan. Because of its dense protein and mineral composition, it has been used to treat several skin and bone disorders, as well as palpitations, insomnia, and epilepsy. The pearl-farming industry itself was established in Japan and has existed for more than a century; today, pearls are cultured globally and continue to receive attention for conferring health benefits.Calcium carbonate is the primary component of mollusk shells (roughly 95%), with the remainder an organic matrix including proteins, glycoproteins, and polysaccharides. Pearl powder is known to have exhibited antiaging, antioxidant, antiradiative, and tonic activities; in recent years, it has been incorporated into health foods for such properties and used in the clinical setting to treat ulcers (aphthous, gastric, and duodenal).Consisting of multiple active proteins, pearl powder is thought to be conducive to skin cell growth and effective for wound repair. This column focuses on recent research into the dermatologic potential of the powder derived from mother of pearl.

Fecha de Publicación: 03-11-21

Features and Benefits of Non-Woven Shopping Bags

Features and Benefits of Non-Woven Shopping Bags

Descripción: Features and Benefits of Non-Woven Shopping Bags     Mankind has now finally realised that plastic bags are hazardous to the environment. It has fostered companies to look for environment friendly alternatives for carry bags. Paper bags are widely adopted as alternative to plastic bags; however, there are certain limitations with paper bags that hinder them from being perfect substitute for plastic bags. Paper shopping bags can be recycled only thrice and you need to keep on producing paper bags. The more paper requires more trees being chopped down. It is eventually equally threatening to environment in the long run.     Woven bags are another substitute for plastic bags as they are reusable and recyclable. However, the procedure for making woven bags is much labour intensive. It requires lots of time and labour for producing woven bags. In today’s highly competitive environment, when businesses can not compromise with time, non-wovenshopping bags made up using bonded, recycled plastic fibres have emerged as better substitute for plastic carry bags. These bags have different structure than polythene bags and they are much more difficult to break down.     · Non-woven polypropylene (PP) reusable shopping bagsare made from bonded, recycled plastic fibres are considered by majority of businesses as the best alternative for plastic bags. These bags are known for their durability and lasting quality.     · These bags are much durable than plastic bags and last hundreds of times longer than traditional shopping bags. They can carry heavier loads than plastic bags and are less likely to be damaged, torn, punched broken, unlike plastic bags.     · It is easy to print anything on non-woven shopping bags and hence, brands find it ideal from the point of view of promotion through shopping bags. Marketers often use vivid patterns, colours and expression for advertising their brand through non-woven shopping bags. It is easy to use various printing techniques like silk screen printing and OPP lamination to print a high-quality design and spread your marketing message.Non-woven bags are easily customizable. Whether you need to promote your event or brand, they can be made unique as per your needs.     · Non-woven shopping bags are environment friendly as they are 100% recyclable and bio-degradable. Non-woven bag material burns without emitting any toxic contaminant. Also, non-woven bags are made without using any PVC coating or water coating.     · These bags are light in weight, so it is easy to carry themanywhere. They can be used to carry multiple things and are often used as reusable shopping bags, tote bags, Drawstring gift bags, hand bags with zippers or Velcro, garment bags, wine bags, thermal bags, and food bags. Also, as non-woven bags are made in various patterns, colors and styles, they also reflect a fashion statement.     What Are The Essential Benefits Of Using Laptop Cases         Are you in love with your laptop more than anything? Or have you recently bought a notebook or a new laptop? So, why not secure it against damages or theft?  Obviously, you want to get assured the device’s safety, as the laptop is the portable device, carrying it from one place to another should be done with safety and ease. Laptop cases help to look your laptop stylish and also protect it. The laptop bags also make it carrying them easily while you travel to places.         There are many great benefits of using laptop case. Many people travel with their devices and stores a lot of sensitive data and work or personal related information with them. Carrying a laptop without some sort of protection and storage for it would not be a thing a laptop owner would look upon. A laptop case helps not only to shield the device from the elements, but it also adds a level of cushion to it.         Here is a list of some vital benefits if owning these designer and fashionable laptop cases.         CLEANLINESS             Cleanliness is very important for smooth functioning of your laptops or computers. Sometimes, dirt or dust gets collected inside the devices and causes issues in its functioning. Here is, where the laptop cases or bags let you protect the laptop from dirt or dust.  If you are a business traveler and you have to continuously meet several clients, you can’t be so sure about their workplace conditions. So, it’s advisable to carry a laptop case or bag with you wherever you go. Increase the lifespan of your device with stylish and good quality laptop cases.         VARIOUS SIZES         This is an online world and laptop cases or sleeves are available in multiple styles and sizes today. No matter if your laptop is big or small sized, laptop cases are always there to protect it and gives it a stylish and fashionable look. Keep in mind the size of your laptop and purchase the perfect case for it by checking the size of the case online or from a store.         PROTECTION         Are you a passionate traveler? Do you love to travel? Well, if that’s the case,  then buying a good laptop bags briefcase is the best way to protect your laptop. A laptop is costly devices that need ultimate care and attentional at all times. Protection is one of the essential benefits provided by laptop cases, these devices get knocked or hit many times you travel. Thus, it’s so important to buy laptop cases in order to protect the laptop from scratches or any other damages. So, laptop cases or bags are a must-have thing if should have if you travel with the laptop.         Promotional Cooler Bags, Imprinted Insulated Bags         Remember the days when you had to carry a clunky ice chest to the beach just so you could have cold drinks on hand?  Not anymore!  Although rigid-sided ice chests are still available for those who prefer to be old-school, the cooler bags of today are more convenient and portable.  As an advertising tool, promotional cooler bags are excellent for customers who like to go camping, picnicking or spend time cooling off at the beach.         Cooler Bag Technology         The original ice chest was made out of galvanized metal.  Later versions were made from hard plastic.  They were double-walled with a layer of dense Styrofoam in between which helped to keep the contents cool.  Today's ice chests are still made this same basic way.         Styrofoam was a suitable insulator, but it had to be relatively thick to maintain internal temperatures for an extended period of time.  And, of course, Styrofoam is easily dented and broken, so it had to be encapsulated in a hard shell to prevent breakage.  As such, ice chests have to be rigid.         By contrast, cooler bags are not rigid.  Instead, they are usually made from heavy but flexible fabrics, like polyester, on the outside. The inside is lined with heavy duty foil.  In between the outer and inner layers are layers of materials like flexible foam, which are thin but dense and have the ability to maintain internal temperatures for several hours.  This technology allows for a bag that is flexible and thin and, therefore, easy and convenient to transport.  Also, unlike their rigid predecessors, cooler bags can be manufactured in a wider variety of sizes and shapes.         The Convenience of Promotional Cooler Bags         We carry a wide range of promotional cooler bags in various sizes.  Different sized bags are suitable for different purposes.  Our smallest imprinted insulated bags are the perfect size for a lunch bag and ideal for carrying to school or work.  Art Promos also carries numerous mid-size models.  These are ideal for picnics or for a day at the beach, or for holding 12 or 24 standard-size beverage cans.  Our larger models are excellent for taking camping or other occasions where food and meals are required for more than one day.             Besides being less clunky, today's insulated cooler bags have the advantage of being lighter and more convenient to transport.  Art Promos' promotional cooler bags come with handles and adjustable straps for carrying and can easily be carried by one person.  Designers often add other features, like outside pockets, which can be used for packing smaller items that don't necessarily have to be kept as cooler as the inside contents.  Extra food and even personal items like keys and cell phones can be stowed in outside pockets, eliminating the need for a purse or extra bag when spending a day picnicking in the park.         Sports Bags     Sports bags don’t necessarily lend themselves to being super-stylish. It’s not a slight—as the vehicle for transporting your running sneakers and yoga pants, a gym bag is first and foremost about function. The best ones have a slot for a water bottle, and maybe another for your wallet. In a perfect world, all gym bags are also be hands-free, so you can comfortably tote it from the treadmill into the office without fuss. But here’s the thing: With a little bit of inspiration, your favorite way to carry dirty socks can actually be a style moment. Technically, a gym bag is designed for transporting necessities to and from a fitness center, studio or gym. Today, however, gym bags are used for so much more. Sports gym bags can double as an airline carry-on bag, overnight bag, backpack hiking, or anywhere else active people go with items to carry. By investing in pieces that we really love and have affection for, we are bringing attention and excitement to our workouts themselves. The gym bags of the old days are no longer.  The diverse offerings of bags have become elevated and excitable – they aren’t just for the gym anymore. Prior to making a purchase, consider the possible uses and frequency of need. Decide whether the bag will fit in with your lifestyle and what you are looking for. Determine how important a designer label may be, fabric, colors textures, and the potential for extreme wear and tear.     Kinds of Diaper Bags     Even though babies are very small, they require a lot of stuff. When heading out with baby, you will need diapers, wipes, a change of clothes and a place to change them. Many parents find that they also need a swaddle, bottles, pacifiers, a breastfeeding cover and a lot more.     This is why baby diaper bags are so helpful. They corral everything you need for baby (with space for mom’s stuff, too). Before you add a diaper bag to your baby registry, here is everything you need to know to choose a great diaper bag.     Messenger Diaper Bag     These are probably the most popular diaper bags. The cross-body strap is easy for multiple caregivers, and they tend to have tons of pockets to keep everything organized. Since these are made for baby items like wipes and bottles, they’re harder to use as a general purpose bag when your baby outgrows newborn needs.     Tote Diaper Bags     Totes tend to be the most fashionable diaper bags, and some don’t even look like diaper bags at all. If you are looking for a diaper bag that can double as a work bag, tote diaper bags are a great option. One major drawback is that they have less interior organization than dedicated diaper bags.

Fecha de Publicación: 03-11-21

What Is A Master Cylinder?

What Is A Master Cylinder?

Descripción: What Is A Master Cylinder?     A master cylinder is a central component of your braking system. The entire braking process relies on your master cylinder, and without it, your brakes wouldn’t be able to function.     In this article, we’ll demystify the brake master cylinder for you.     What Is The Master Cylinder?     The brake master cylinder is a component in your car’s braking system that drives the pressure generated by the brake pedal to the braking mechanism at your vehicles’ wheels. It’s essentially the heart of your car’s brake system.     When you press down on the brake pedal, that force pushes a piston through the brake cylinder, converting the force into hydraulic pressure.     This pressure pumps hydraulic fluid through the brake lines, transmitting pressure to a secondary cylinder at each wheel’s braking mechanism.     The secondary cylinders drive the caliper piston to engage the brake calipers in disc brakes (the wheel cylinder in drum brakes). This action then goes on to stop the wheel.     The clutch system in manual cars also employs master cylinders, but they’re not the same kind as brake master cylinders.     Where Is The Master Cylinder Found?     For manual brakes, the master cylinder is attached directly to the firewall and linked to the brake pedal.     In power-assisted brakes, the master cylinder is attached to a brake booster, which supplies more power to the braking system. The assembly is attached to the firewall in the engine compartment, with the brake pedal linked to the booster.     Now that you know how the master cylinder functions in the brake system, let’s see what happens inside the master cylinder:     How Do Master Cylinders Work?     Most master cylinders have a “tandem” design (sometimes called a dual master cylinder).     In the tandem master cylinder, two master cylinders are combined inside a single housing, sharing a common cylinder bore. This allows the cylinder assembly to control two separate hydraulic circuits.     Each of these circuits controls the brakes for a pair of wheels.     The circuit configuration can be:     Front/rear (two front and two rear)     Diagonal (left-front/right-rear and right-front/left-rear)     This way, if one brake circuit fails, the other circuit (that controls the other pair) can stop the vehicle.     There’s also a proportioning valve in most vehicles, connecting the master cylinder to the rest of the brake system. It controls the pressure distribution between the front and rear brake for balanced, reliable braking performance.     The master cylinder reservoir is located on top of the master cylinder. It must be adequately filled with brake fluid to prevent air from entering the brake system.     Simply put, the mechanical pressure exerted on the brake pedal by your foot gets converted into hydraulic pressure by the master cylinder. That pressure sends the fluid through your brake lines and engages the pistons at each of the four wheels, thus activating the brake calipers and slowing or stopping your vehicle.     Symptoms of a Bad or Failing Brake Master Cylinder     The brake master cylinder is one of the most important components found in modern car braking systems. It serves as the main valve that pushes brake fluid through the brake lines so the brake calipers can squeeze the pads against the rotors. It functions by pushing a metal rod through a cylinder to force fluid through the braking system to the wheels. One end of this rod is attached to the pedal and is actuated when the pedal is depressed. Usually, a faulty brake master cylinder will produce one of these 4 symptoms that alert the driver of required servicing.     1. Abnormal brake pedal behavior     One of the first symptoms commonly associated with a bad or failing brake master cylinder is abnormal brake pedal behavior. The master cylinder is the component that generates all of the pressure for the braking system, and if it develops any sort of problems sealing or distributing pressure, this may be felt in the pedal. With constant use over time, the seals inside of the cylinder can wear out and form internal leaks. A bad brake master cylinder may result in a pedal that feels mushy, spongy, or slowly sinks to the floor when depressed.     2. Contaminated brake fluid     Another symptom of a bad brake master cylinder is contaminated brake fluid. Brake master cylinders use rubber seals that can break down and wear out over time. When they do, they can contaminate the brake fluid and will turn it a dark brown or black color. Aside from contaminating the fluid, a brake master cylinder with worn seals will not be able to hold brake pressure as effectively and may result in a mushy pedal or one that slowly sinks to the floor.     3. Leaking brake fluid     Brake fluid leaks from the master cylinder or unsecured reservoirs on the cylinder holding the fluid lower critical brake fluid levels. The brake master cylinder needs adequate levels of fluid to exert the right amount of hydraulic pressure to slow down the car. You’ll need to have the brake master cylinder replaced in this situation. If left unresolved, your ability to slow down the car will be impaired.     4. Check Engine Light comes on     Another symptom commonly seen for newer vehicles is an illuminated Check Engine Light. The braking systems on newer vehicles may have brake fluid level and pressure sensors installed in the master cylinder. These sensors are meant to detect any problem with the vehicle’s brake fluid pressure, which is generated by the master cylinder. If they detect that the pressure has dropped, it is possibly due to a problem with the master cylinder. Such issues may also ignite a Brake Warning Light too.     What Does A Brake Master Cylinder Actually Do?     We should probably start by saying a brake master cylinder technically isn’t essential. You could use cable-actuated brakes, if you liked, like the cheap items you get on entry-level mountain bikes. On the other hand, to stand the strain of stopping one or two tonnes of metal, plastic and humans over 10-20 years, the cable would have to be massive.     There are more practical solutions, chief among which are hydraulics. The fact that liquid doesn’t compress makes it perfect for transferring force from one part of a system to another. When it comes to the brakes in your car, the master cylinder is the key component in making that happen.     How to Buy a Good Quality Clutch Master Cylinder     The master cylinder in a manual transmission system functions similarly to the brake master cylinder, and in fact, both systems use brake fluid to lubricate the interior components and provide the pressure necessary to operate the other elements of the mechanism.     The clutch master cylinder contains a “clutch fluid” reservoir, which actually just holds brake fluid. When the clutch is depressed, pistons put pressure on the fluid, which then travels to the slave cylinder, and the pressure in turn allows you to engage the clutch and change gears. When this cylinder goes bad, whether due to wear and tear, clogging, or a leak somewhere in a seal, the transmission will malfunction and this puts your safety at risk.     A few different things can happen when the cylinder is bad. You may experience a spongy-feeling clutch, or the pedal may go to the floor. The clutch may also suddenly engage as you are driving, sending the car lurching forward – this could easily cause an accident. The cylinder should be replaced as soon as the damage is discovered.     When shopping for a new cylinder you want a good balance of durability and price. Because this is such a vital part of your safety while driving, it’s worth a little extra investment.     How to make sure you’re getting a good quality clutch master cylinder     Look for cast steel, rather than extruded aluminum. Cast parts are generally stronger and more reliable.     Choose a trusted name brand for your clutch master cylinder. This is not the time to take chances on an unknown source.     Look for a warranty. Some brands, as well as some sellers, offer warranties – even lifetime – on clutch master cylinders. Calculate the value of price versus the length of warranty to get the right balance for your budget.     If you're still unsure of what to buy, as a good suppliers, we supplies top-quality clutch master cylinders to our certified mobile technicians. We can also install a clutch master cylinder that you've purchased.     Clutch Master Cylinders     The clutch master cylinder is directly connected to the clutch pedal and serves as the portion of the hydraulic system that generates hydraulic pressure. Master cylinders are divided into two primary categories based on the internal mechanism used to generate hydraulic pressure: seal over port systems and center-feed type systems.     Seal over port system     The seal over port system uses a push rod attached to the clutch pedal to produce piston movement in the master cylinder. When the piston moves, seals attached to the piston move forward. The primary seal passes over a small port in the wall of the cylinder, which allows fluid flow to and from the reservoir. Once the primary seal passes over the port, the fixed portion of fluid contained between the master and slave cylinder is moved toward the slave cylinder. This results in disengagement of the clutch. One variation of the seal over port is a plunger type master cylinder. Rather than using the attached seals that move with the pistons, the piston instead moves through the seals.     Center-feed type system     The center-feed type system uses small hooks attached to the nose of the piston. When the clutch pedal is not depressed, these hooks engage a flange on the valve stem. A circular rubber seal on the opposite end of the valve stem is held away from the master cylinder body. This allows fluid flow to and from the reservoir. When the clutch pedal is depressed, the hooks no longer hold the valve stem and it is pushed to the bottom of the master cylinder body. The reservoir is now separated from the fixed fluid, contained between the master and slave cylinder. As the clutch pedal is further depressed and the master cylinder piston moves even further, fluid is forced toward the slave cylinder, resulting in the disengagement of the clutch. Master cylinders are also subdivided into two additional categories: Integral reservoir systems and remote reservoir systems. The fluid reservoir of an integral reservoir system is part of the master cylinder body. The fluid reservoir of a remote reservoir system is attached to the master cylinder body via a rubber hose. The use of integral or remote reservoirs is dictated by the available room in the engine compartment. Both integral and remote reservoir types are used in seal over port and center feed type systems.

Fecha de Publicación: 03-11-21

What is a Gangway?

What is a Gangway?

Descripción: What is a Gangway?     A gangway is a narrow walkway or platform that provides safe access to a ship, truck, or train.     Gangways are typically used for two purposes: to allow passage or people and/or cargo to/from docks, moored marine vessels, or aircraft, or in the maintenance and loading/unloading of land-based trucks and trains. The models used for ships or boats are typically long so that they don’t slip off platforms or provide unsafe crossing for personnel walking on them and terms like “tower,” “truss,” or “telescoping” are added to better describe how and where the marine loading platforms are used. They can also be referred to as accommodation ladder and the U.S. Navy, U.S. Coast Guard, and other government agencies refer to these platforms as brows. The types of gangways used for loading/unloading trucks or railcars are typically shorter in length, and span gap from vehicle to a platform, giving workers and personnel access to load, unload or inspect the vehicle. They also may include additional safety or technical features to assist workers.     Aviation gangways, also called jet bridges, airstairs, or boarding ramps, are generally used to allow passengers to board and deplane aircraft, and come in mobile varieties, as well as tunnel-like versions that connect to terminals.     What is a berthing aid system, and what does it do?     Berthing is one of the maneuvers with the highest risk of accidents in a ship’s routine. While it is true that there are mechanisms, such as fenders, to prevent damages caused from collisions while berthing, when we speak of large-volume ships or ships with sensitive cargo, fenders may not be enough.     Every year, logistics companies and ports invest large amounts in the repair of ships and facilities as a result of direct blows against the dock. What is more, these accidents can cause spillage, with a huge environmental and economic cost. Over the past few years, this reality has led to great innovations in berthing aid systems.     A BAS (Berthing Aid System) is a real-time information system that provides for safe navigation and efficient transport. As its name would indicate, it helps while berthing, reducing human error. Thanks to the real-time data it provides pilots and land crew, the operation is improved.     Some noteworthy advantages of using a berthing aid system are:             Reduced operational costs and damages to the dock, fenders and ships.             Increased safety control and protection over surroundings.                     Real-time monitoring, data register, reports, reproductions and records.             Smart analysis of the multiple variables involved in berthing.          This is an IT system with a network architecture of integrated equipment and communication interfaces. The BAS system may have one control station, or several, including portable devices to control the different modules.Berthing aid system functions     Listen, create and innovate     Rather than supply a separate meter skid to control the flow of the product into the tank, Loadtec employed a technique developed on a previous multi-position rail loading project in Saudi Arabia.     The metering and control components are all mounted on the loading arm standpost. This provides the customer with a neat solution which is shipped in two boxes to site and can be assembled in a few hours.     It further eliminates the need for site run spool pieces between the two packages and allows installation to take place in less than one day.     Loadtec also supplied a control system with batch controller which connected to the site PLC (programmable logic controller) providing assurance to the operators in the control room that all the loading conditions had been met before loading commences. Because the loading process would take a number of hours, the panel was designed to be fully automated but also readable by a security camera watched by a remote operator. The starting point was the platform, this included a large working area, double flight stairs to ground and a canopy over the working area.     This arrived at site from Loadtec’s UK facility in a semi-pre-assembled state. Site time involved bolting the sub-assemblies together and mounting on the foundations.     Next the folding stair, meter skid and top loading arm delivered from the Zip-Load factory in Italy.     These all arrived and were installed by the site team following the IKEA-type instructions provided. The final visit by a Loadtec Service commissioning engineer was to set up the system and ensure everything was working in line with theoperating philosophy.     Bottom Loading Arm     OPW Bottom Loading Arm Systems are ideal for loading and unloading petroleum products, chemicals and liquefied gases, and offer numerous benefits over conventional top-loading systems:     Improved safety since operator remains on the ground during loading/unloading     Quicker connections reduce overall loading/unloading time     Bottom loading systems create less turbulence in the tank, reducing the danger of generating static electricity.     Bottom loading reduces vapors and the system can be adapted to also recover displaced vapors     Tanks can be filled faster and several compartments can be loaded simultaneously     Bottom-loading islands are simpler and cheaper to build than top-loading racks     Why Valve is called Valve?     To tell the truth, the nonexistent Half-Life 3 has perhaps been more documented on the net than the reasons that led Gabe Newell and Mike Harrington, the other founder of Valve, to choose Valve as their company name. Why did the two men retain such an unattractive name (Valve, in English, means valve, or tap, and is used to regulate the flow of a flow, like water or gas)?     Yes, Valve refers to a valve. And it’s not a valve (you follow?)     Precisely, this choice owes nothing to chance. According to a report broadcast on G4 (an American television channel devoted to video games, like Game One), we learn from the mouth of Greg Coomer that the function of a valve reflects the experience that the very young studio was looking for ” flow ”towards the public, in the same way as we open the tap more or less to pass more or less flow.     With Valve, explains Greg Coomer, who was then presented as a game designer by G4, this name was intended to mean that it ” It was about controlling the flow of an entertaining experience by having control over that control to decide when to increase or decrease it. It was a compelling metaphor “.     Moreover, in a old Valve website page, but which can still be found in web archives, Greg Coomer is credited with having ” helped give the company the Valve name “. He is also said to have directed the first video game project Valve ever canceled – which is not very good. These mentions appeared on a 2003 version of the site. They have since been withdrawn.     The reasons why Valve is called this way naturally allow us to understand why the name chosen for its online content distribution platform is Steam (which translates to Vapeur in French). Indeed, steam here refers to video games, that is to say the entertaining experience mentioned by Greg Coomer which circulates in the pipes, that Valve regulates by playing with the tap.     For the record, other names were considered for a while before being abandoned.     A Brief Introduction of Marine Valves     When a ship is in operation, it needs to be dealt with many problems. It is necessary to solve those problems in order to make the ship run smoothly. Marine valve is a very important accessory of ships, which is mainly used to control the pressure, flow rate and flow direction of the liquid in the pipeline of the ship. If the liquid in the ship cannot be controlled, it will have a great impact on the operation of the ship. Therefore, marine valves play a very critical role in the operation of the whole ship. This article is mainly introduced from two aspects: types of marine valves and characteristics of marine valves. If you are interested, please continue to read the following. The types of marine valves (1) Truncation type: such as gate valve, stop valve, plug valve, ball valve, butterfly valve, needle valve, diaphragm valve, etc. Truncation type are also called closed-circuit valves and cut-off valves, which are used to connect or cut off the medium in pipelines. (2) Non-return type: for instance, check valve, also called one-way valve or non-return valve. The check valve is an automatic valve, and its function is to prevent the medium in the pipeline from flowing back, the pump and the drive motor from reversing, and the container medium from leaking. The bottom valve of the water pump suction pipe also belongs to the non-return type.  (3) Safety type: such as safety valve, explosion-proof valve, accident valve, etc. The function of the safety valve is to prevent the medium pressure in the pipeline or device from exceeding the specified value, thus achieving the purpose of safety protection. (4) Regulation category: such as regulating valve, throttle valve and pressure reducing valve, whose function is to regulate the pressure, flow and other parameters of medium. (5) Shunt category: such as distribution valve, three-way valve and drain valve. The function is to distribute, separate or mix the media in the pipeline. (6) Special purpose: such as pigging valve, vent valve, blowdown valve, exhaust valve, filter, etc. Exhaust valve is an essential auxiliary component in pipeline system, which is widely used in boilers, air conditioners, oil and natural gas, water supply and drainage pipelines. It is often installed at the commanding heights or bends to eliminate excess gas in the pipeline and improve the use efficiency of the pipeline and reduce energy consumption.

Fecha de Publicación: 03-11-21

Yoga Mats: Are They Really Necessary?

Yoga Mats: Are They Really Necessary?

Descripción: Yoga Mats: Are They Really Necessary?     There is no more significant symbol for contemporary yoga practice than the yoga mat. It is more than a sport tool employed by the yogi. The yoga mat is a metaphor. It represents the space in which our minds might experience some relief from the stress-laden, chaotic, and unpredictable nature of daily life.     A BRIEF HISTORY OF THE YOGA MAT     Angela Farmer is one of the most well-known and respected yoga teachers on the planet. She has been teaching for over 40 years. When she was young, she had a surgery that resulted in her being incapable of sweating from her hands and feet. I’m not sure if you have ever practiced yoga on a hardwood floor in the winter when everything is super dry. It borders on yogic tragi-comedy as your hands and feet slip and slide all over the place. Downward dog and standing poses in particular are just so slippery.     Farmer’s medical condition did not discourage her from practicing with BKS Iyengar when he was teaching in London in the 1960s. He forbade her to use a foam mattress or splash water on her hands and feet for traction. While teaching in Munich in 1968, she came across a thin piece of underlay from a carpet factory. It was the perfect solution to her problem.     When she returned to London, her carpet-underlay yoga mat became very popular with her students. Eventually Angela’s father connected with the owner of the German carpet factory and became the first retailer of yoga mats, establishing the business out of his home in Vancouver Island.     The yoga mat, as developed by Angela Farmer, was a therapeutic intervention. The stickiness of the mat alleviated a medical condition.     Yoga Mat Showdown: TPE vs. Rubber     TPE, PVC, and rubber yoga mats are the most popular yoga mat types as of now. Sometimes, deciding between them can be a hard decision, as there are more factors to consider than you may initially think. If you want to decrease your eco-footprint, you may opt for a different yoga mat type, but maybe sacrifice on other features. Or, you may want a better performing yoga mat, even though it is more harmful to the environment.     Rubber Yoga Mat     The rubber yoga mats are probably the most eco-friendly you can find on the market. They are sustainably created with natural rubber gotten from rubber trees that are renewable. Also, rubber yoga mat doesn’t contain extra materials such as EVA, or synthetic rubber types.     The rubber yoga mats are definitely one of the preferred choices when it comes to yoga practice. They are eco-friendly, very comfortable, and have a superior grip. The mats are also anti-microbe, so they are cleaned more easily.     There are some disadvantages to this kind of yoga mats too. If you are allergic to latex material, you may get an allergic reaction from some of the rubber yoga mats. Also, the natural rubber yoga mats are usually heavier than their counterparts, so that makes them less portable.     The price you will pay for rubber yoga mats is much higher than what you would give to TPE and PVC yoga mats. So, it is up to you to decide if you want natural, eco-friendly properties, and higher quality, with sacrificed portability; or something less eco-friendly, but more compact.     TPE Yoga Mat     Thermal Plastic Elastomer (TPE), elsewhere known as thermoplastic rubber, is a copolymer class or a mix of polymers. Usually, the polymers mixed to create TPE material are plastic and rubber. Anyway, the thing with TPE is that it consists of materials with thermoplastic and elastomeric qualities. So, TPE yoga mats are constructed from thermal plastic elastomers and other material. The fusion with other materials is done with closed-cell foaming under high temperatures. After this process, the TPE yoga mat is easier to clean and is resistant to various microbes.     Also, the TPE material has a few advantages, such as increased eco-friendliness, better elasticity, and recyclability; which make the TPE yoga mats more eco-friendly than PVC yoga mats. You see, the TPE material has some attributes of non-PVC, non-toxic, and non-heavy metal materials. This kind of profile makes TPE yoga mats suitable for both travel and house use.     The TPE yoga mats are a relative newcomer to the yoga mat market. Right now, it is the most popular in the USA, Europe, and high-spenders in China. Its market potential is huge, thanks to the high performance and high environmental protection it offers.     HOW TO CHOOSE THE PERFECT YOGA BLOCK     Yoga props were popularized by the late B.K.S. Iyengar as tools to support the body to allow a deeper expression of a yoga pose’s alignment. A yoga block or yoga brick is one of the most popular yoga props to use in a yoga class. Yoga blocks are most often used as an extension of one’s hands but are also used to support the back, head, and hips, and to deepen awareness of alignment. Most yoga studios have blocks available to borrow, but you may wish to purchase your own. Having your own set of blocks will be more sanitary than borrowing them, and you can use them in your home practice. When purchasing a yoga block you will need to consider size, material, cost, and quantity.     Are yoga blocks necessary?     The short answer is no—blocks are not necessary to use in yoga. But it is common for yoga instructors to suggest or require the use of one or two blocks for their classes. A yoga block is most helpful for beginning students and those experiencing injury or other physical limitations, but more advanced practitioners can utilize props to safely learn new challenging poses. Also, advanced yogis may have specific body proportions that make certain poses difficult and need blocks to fully access and experience them.     How a Yoga Wheel Can Improve Your Daily Practice     If you've been to a yoga class, chance are you're familiar with yoga blocks, straps and bolsters. But have you tried the yoga wheel yet?         Benefits of Using a Yoga Wheel         Yoga teacher, author and "Spiritually Inspired" podcaster Jayson Barniske uses the yoga wheel regularly in his practice and with his students. "I recommend the yoga wheel for beginners, as it helps people to open up and get to where they need to go," he says.         One of the greatest benefits is using the wheel to feel and understand their bodies better in a particular pose. "Most beginners have a hard time in backbends," Barniske says. "There's a lot going on in a backbend like the movement at the sacrum (the lower back bone situated between the hipbones of the pelvis) and articulation of the shoulders. If we understand what we are doing, it makes it much more effective to deepen the practice."         Additionally, if you have an injury, the yoga wheel can be an excellent tool to help you ease back into your practice. You can lie on top of it passively with support from the wheel and begin to understand where the tension and/or pain is.     How To Use Yoga Towels     Adding the best yoga towel to our yoga mat will make our yoga session something to look forward to. Who would want to stick in the hard way anyway? That’s is why more and more brands are making these towels and promises us a better yoga experience. But how do you use it? This is what you will learn in this article.     Perks of Having Yoga Towels     When yoga towels were first introduced, some people thought that it is the proper towel to use after the yoga session. They thought that this is the towel that yogis use to wipe away their sweat after an hour of concentration on yoga poses. Well, we can’t blame them because who would have thought that it can be used during the exercise right? Now let’s talk about the perks of having one so you can appreciate it more.     Plastic vs Paper: How to Pick The Right Packing Tape for Your Business     One of the most fundamental requirements of the packaging industry is “packing tape”. Packing tape is used to seal, wrap, or bundle items during storage, handling, or shipment. There are various types of packing tapes available. And, they differ in material, strength, thickness, width, and so on. With several options out there, it can be tough to decide on the right tape for your business needs.     Here is a quick, 9-minute guide that’ll help you understand different packing tapes— their properties and applications— so that you can pick the perfect tape for the job.     Different Types of Packaging Tape Explored     Packing tapes come in all shapes and sizes. But even paper and plastic tapes can be divided based on their application. To give you a crash course, the below video briefs you on widely used tapes ideal for any industry. Their applications range from security packaging to brand identification.     Tapes are also differentiated based on the specific materials used and adhesives. Here’s a list of popular tapes used across businesses.      #1— Box Tape or BOPP Packing Tape                     Properties: Common, inexpensive, customizable (print, color, thickness, width)                     Construction: PSAs (Pressure-sensitive adhesives), Polymer             Application: Across all industries, for poly mailers, carton sealing             The most common type of tape, box tapes or bi-axially polypropylene tapes, are medium-strength tapes used for a variety of applications but usually to seal corrugated boxes. These tapes transparent, brown in color, or can be easily customized with patterns or branding.     Since the tapes don’t need the application of water to be activated, they can be used anywhere.     #2— Lightweight Packing Tape             Properties: Inexpensive, durable             Construction: Paper, Polyester                     Application: For lightweight packages             Polyester plastic tapes or paper tapes are great to seal and enclose low-weight packages— of less than 15kgs. It typically has a pressure-sensitive adhesive and is simple to handle and dispense.     #3— Heavy-Duty Packing Tape             Properties: Strong, durable, scuff-resistance, insulation                 Construction: PVC, Reinforced paper, Heat/water activated             Application: For heavy packages, electrical insulation             Heavy-duty tapes are used for boxes weighing 20 to 30 kilograms. Usually, PVC tapes are used for this purpose but paper tapes reinforced with fiberglass can also be used. Such tapes offer electrical and chemical insulation and can often be used for electronic packaging.     #4— Tamper-Evident Tape             Properties: Tamper detection, tough-bond or intentionally weak to detect tampering             Construction: Paper, Polypropylene, PSA                     Application: For high-security shipments, retail packaging, food, pharma industry        

Fecha de Publicación: 03-11-21

Titanium rods – the medical metal of choice

Titanium rods – the medical metal of choice

Descripción: Titanium rods – the medical metal of choice     A metal that can resist corrosion and be joined with human bone – is it any wonder titanium is the metal of choice in the medical industry!?     The characteristics of titanium make it crucial to the medical field. Easily formed into bars, rods, tubes, plates or wire, it can be used to create intricate surgical instruments and implants.     Medical grade titanium     The most common titanium grade in the medical industry is Ti 6Al 4V, a titanium alloy which comprises 6% aluminium and 4% vanadium.     Titanium alloys, like Ti 6Al 4V, are non-magnetic, non-toxic and non-allergenic, making them perfectly safe for medical procedures.     They also offer high fatigue strength and fracture toughness which is ideal for dental implants where a titanium screw is inserted into the jaw, acting as the root of the tooth.     Benefits of medical titanium     Strong     Lightweight     Osseointegration     Corrosion resistance     Biocompatibility     Non-ferromagnetism     Titanium’s high-strength to low-density ratio is one of the main advantages in the field of medicine. Titanium medical equipment offers the same amount of strength as its steel counterparts but is almost 50% lighter, making it easier for surgeons and other medical professionals to carry out delicate procedures.     Osseointegration is the unique phenomenon where natural bone and tissue bond to the dental or medical implant, anchoring it firmly – titanium allows for this integration.     Crucially titanium rods are not rejected by the human body – they are biocompatible. As well as this, they are non-ferromagnetic, so patients with titanium implants can still be safely examined with MRI and NMRI scans.     Medical titanium is also corrosion resistant. When used in the human body, it can fight off corrosion from bodily fluids.     Uses of medical titanium     A titanium rod can be used to provide replacement joints – be it shoulders, knees, hips, elbows – or to repair broken bones. When reconstructing parts of the body, titanium is the metal of choice for surgeons for its biocompatibility and innate ability to connect with human bone and tissue. It can also be used to protect the vertebrae after invasive back surgery.     Titanium gives surgical instruments longevity. Offering resistance to bacteria, titanium medical equipment can be used for various procedures, including those that emit radiation.     Our titanium rods can be used to create medical devices such as:     Dental scalers     Eye surgery equipment     Retractors     Surgical forceps     Surgical needle holders     Tweezers     As mentioned above, a titanium rod is used in dentistry for dental implants. Titanium orthodontic braces have increased in popularity too – as they provide more strength and security, and less weight than steel braces.     Titanium Ring     Appearance: Titanium Wedding Rings can be polished to a shine or textured for a matte or brushed finish.     Comfort: Titanium is a very comfortable choice because it is so lightweight. This feature makes titanium popular in both men and women, especially for individuals who are not accustomed to wearing a lot of bling.     Cost: Titanium is very affordable in the wedding ring market being that they are generally less expensive than gold rings. Titanium is also a good investment because it lasts and maintains its appearance for a lifetime.     Durability: Titanium bands will not bend, break or melt under normal conditions. Titanium can also be engraved with a laser engraver, which many professional jewelers use.     Care: Titanium wedding bands are very easy to care for. Your titanium jewelry can be cleaned at home with a simple solution of soap and water or simply by polishing it regularly with a soft cloth.     Style: You do not have to sacrifice style with a titanium band. Titanium ring is available in many intricate designs. Titanium can also be anodized to add color to the ring such as blue, purple, green, pink and red to name a few.     What is a titanium flange?     Titanium flange is a kind of component made of titanium or titanium alloy, which is connected to the pipe end. It can be made by casting, or by screw connection and welding. The flange connection consists of a pair of flanges, a gasket and a number of bolts and nuts. The gasket is placed between the two flange sealing surfaces. After the nuts are tightened, the specific pressure on the gasket surface reaches a certain value, and the deformation occurs, and the uneven parts on the sealing surface are filled, so that the connection is tight without leakage.     Contents:     Types of titanium flanges     Standards of titanium flanges     Physical properties and application scope of titanium alloy flange     Why do we think titanium alloy flange is difficult to process     Physical phenomenon of titanium processing     Know how to process titanium alloy flange     Solve the problem of titanium processing from blade     Cutter structure suitable for titanium flange machining     Common brands: TA0, TA1, TA2 , TA3, ta9, TA10, TC4, etc. Flange can be divided into plate flat welding titanium flange, neck butt welding titanium flange, neck flat welding titanium flange, socket welding titanium flange, threaded titanium flange, titanium flange cover (titanium blind plate), etc. according to the pipeline connection requirements.     Titanium Tube     Representing Fine Tubes, a great metal products, Mr. Mercer highlighted the business’ long-standing expertise in the manufacture of high-precision, high-performance titanium alloy tubes for critical applications. Fine Tubes’ seamless titanium tube is used in aircraft hydraulic systems and chemical processing plants, and for offshore drilling rig components, marine and subsea equipment, and medical implants. Fine Tubes also is a member of the International Titanium Association (ITA), the organising body of the Titanium Europe Conference.     Looking at titanium in comparison to other metals, the following characteristics make it so attractive to multiple industries:     It’s only 60% as dense as steel-based and nickel-based alloys.     In alloyed form, its tensile strength is greater than that of austenitic or ferritic stainless steels.     It is exceptionally corrosion resistant, exceeding the resistance of stainless steels in most environments.     It is non-magnetic.     It has excellent heat transfer properties, with a melting point higher than steel alloys.     It is cold workable.     Titanium Wire Uses     Titanium wire perfectly inherits the advantages of titanium and titanium alloys and has a series of excellent characteristics, such as good corrosion resistance, high specific strength, non-magnetic, high biocompatibility, low impedance to ultrasound and good shape memory function and many more. Therefore, titanium and titanium alloy wires are widely used in many fields.     1. At present, more than 80% of titanium and titanium alloy wires are used as welding wires, such as welding of various titanium equipment, welding pipes, repair welding of turbine discs and blades of aircraft jet engines, and welding of receivers.     2. Due to its excellent corrosion resistance, titanium wire has been widely used in chemical, pharmaceutical, and paper industries. It can be made into a mesh for seawater filters, purified water filters, and chemical drug filters.     3. Titanium and titanium alloy wires are also used to manufacture fasteners, load-bearing members, springs, etc. due to their good overall performance.     4. In the medical and health industry, due to its excellent biocompatibility, titanium and titanium alloy wires are used to manufacture medical devices, such as dental crown fixation and skull fixation implanted in the human body.     5. Some titanium alloy wires with shape memory function, such as titanium-nickel alloy wires, are used to make satellite antennas, shoulder pads for clothes, women’s bras, and eyeglass frames.     6. In the electroplating and water treatment industries, titanium and titanium alloy wires are used to manufacture various electrodes.     Classification Of Titanium Wire     According to the different properties of titanium and titanium alloy, different types of titanium wire can be produced. Generally, titanium wire can be divided into the following types: pure titanium wire, titanium alloy wire, pure titanium eyeglass wire, titanium straight wire, titanium welding wire, titanium hanging wire, titanium coil wire, titanium bright wire, medical titanium wire, titanium nickel alloy wire. And different types of titanium wire have different uses.     Metal is the most common material used to create fastening solutions. However plastic fasteners offer a different set of characteristics. Notably, they’re used in space. The Hubble Telescope and International Space Station are held together using plastic fasteners.     On a more terrestrial level, plastic fasteners can offer advantages over their metallic counterparts for earth-based projects.     Plastic doesn’t rust     Typically, metal fasteners corrode and develop rust over time, especially when exposed to moisture or salty conditions. Corrosion, of course, leads to degradation. If it’s corrosion-resistant fasteners you need, you want plastic. If your product will face salt-water conditions, consider fasteners made from PVC, Isoplast or PET. These plastics also give you high strength to weight ratio, don’t absorb water, and withstand chemicals and corrosive substances such as diesel fuel and petrol.     Plastic resistant to UV rays     This is why NASA likes plastic: it’s much better than metal fastener at standing up to UV rays. That being said, some plastics do absorb UV rays and develop free radicals that corrode. If UV protection is important, opt for fasteners made from polyimides or FEP.     Plastic is nonconductive     Plastic doesn’t conduct heat or electricity. This makes fasteners made from plastic materials ideal for electrical or electronic applications.     Plastics can cost less     Plastic clips weigh less than metal brackets. For the automotive industry, this means improved performance and efficiency. But this is just one reason the automotive industry often favours plastic fasteners. The other: plastic screws and bolts can cost less than metal fasteners. Plastic is simply a lower-cost material. When you’re mass producing a product or part, this can amount to substantial savings.

Fecha de Publicación: 03-11-21

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